Obesity is a chronic and multi-faceted health issue that cannot be permanently controlled by diet, exercise, or medication alone. Even if weight is lost through these treatments, it is often observed that most patients regain the lost weight over time, and the desired result cannot be sustained.

The most effective and permanent solution for obesity treatment so far has been obesity surgery. In short, the goal is to eliminate excess weight and the health problems associated with obesity through surgical intervention.

What Causes Obesity?

Several factors play a role in the development of obesity:

• Irregular and unhealthy eating habits
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Genetic predisposition
• Hormonal disorders (thyroid, insulin resistance, etc.)
• Insufficient sleep and stress
• Certain psychological disorders and medications

What Are the Symptoms of Obesity?

Obesity can present itself with the following symptoms over time:

• Excessive weight gain
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
• Back, knee, and joint pain
• Sleep problems (sleep apnea, etc.)
• Irregular menstruation
• Stretch marks and increased sweating
• Psychological issues (low self-esteem, depression, etc.)

Obesity treatment should be planned on an individual basis. The methods applied are:

Nutrition and Diet Support

• Calorie balance is achieved with the help of a dietitian.
• A personalized nutrition program is created.
• Healthy and sustainable eating habits are developed.

Exercise Program

• A physical activity plan suitable for the goal is created.
• The muscle-bone system is supported, and fat burning is increased.
• The sedentary lifestyle is attempted to be changed.

Behavioral and Psychological Support

• Eating disorders and emotional eating issues are addressed.
• Motivation is increased with psychological support.
• Skills to cope with stress and anxiety are developed.

Medical Treatment (Medications)

• Medications that regulate metabolism or suppress appetite, as prescribed by a specialist, may be used.
• It should be applied for a short period and under control.

Obesity Surgery (Bariatric Surgery)

• It is evaluated for individuals who are unable to lose weight with diet and exercise and are severely obese.
• Methods such as sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass may be applied.
• Post-surgery, changes in nutrition and lifestyle are essential.

What Happens If Obesity Is Not Treated?

Untreated obesity can lead to serious health problems:

• Type 2 diabetes
• Hypertension
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Liver fat accumulation
• Sleep apnea
• Infertility
• Increased risk of certain types of cancer
• Psychological problems (depression, social isolation)

Is It Possible to Prevent Obesity?

Yes. Obesity is a preventable disease. You can protect yourself from obesity by paying attention to the following:

• Adopt a balanced and regular eating habit
• Increase daily physical activity
• Drink plenty of water
• Pay attention to sleep patterns
• Manage stress
• Do not neglect routine health check-ups

What Is the Purpose of Obesity Surgery?

Obesity surgery is based on the principles of reducing stomach volume and/or decreasing nutrient absorption (malabsorption). Through these two fundamental mechanisms, patients feel full by eating less, and some of the ingested food is expelled without being absorbed by the body. Thus, effective and sustainable weight loss is achieved.

Who Is a Suitable Candidate for Obesity Surgery?

Obesity surgery is an appropriate treatment option for patients who meet the following criteria:

• Individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 40
• Individuals with a BMI between 35-40 and obesity-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea
• Individuals who have been obese for more than 5 years and have not been successful with diet, exercise, etc.
• Individuals aged between 18 and 65
• Individuals who can comply with lifestyle changes before and after surgery

What Is Bariatric Surgery?

“Bariatric Surgery” is derived from the Greek word "baros" meaning "weight," and it is the medical term for obesity surgery. These surgical procedures, performed to induce weight loss in severely overweight individuals, are becoming increasingly popular worldwide.

What Are the Benefits of Obesity Surgery?

• Promotes weight loss
• Reduces or eliminates associated diseases like heart diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea
• Extends life expectancy
• Improves daily quality of life and mobility
• Leads to positive changes in psychological and social life

Obesity Is Not Just an Aesthetic Problem

A Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40 or higher, or a BMI of over 35 with associated diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea, indicates that a person may be a candidate for obesity surgery. Obesity is a primary cause of many serious diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, liver fat accumulation, and hormonal imbalances.

Applied Surgical Methods

The most appropriate surgical method is determined based on the patient's overall health, habits, and expectations. The main obesity and metabolic surgical methods applied are as follows:

Sleeve Gastrectomy: A large portion of the stomach is removed, reducing its volume.

Gastric Bypass: Both stomach volume is reduced and absorption is decreased to promote weight loss.

Revisional Surgeries: Performed when previous obesity surgeries have been ineffective and require adjustments.

Type 2 Diabetes Surgery (Metabolic Surgery): Intervention in the stomach and intestinal system to control blood sugar levels.